OK, you did not care to react to my suggestion to indicate what are your most fundamental objections to Journo’s analysis, among all those you mentioned. Then my next step will be to examine a few of your objections.
On 9/19/2022 at 11:08 PM, whYNOT said:
[Journo’s analysis is] disingenuous. Skirts around the end of NATO’s fundamental raison d’etre ("to defend against the Soviet Union " …) - with the disintegration of that very same Soviet Russia. What ‘enemy’ was its continuing purpose for existence, afterwards and now?
In other words, in your view, NATO should have dissolved itself after the dissolution of USSR and of the Warsaw Pact. Let’s examine the facts.
a). The Warsaw Pact was created in 1955, as a counterpart to NATO; NATO was created much earlier, in 1949. Then, in logic, if NATO would have been dissolved, then the Warsaw Pact should have been too, but NOT the other way around, as you suggest.
b). It is not true that NATO was founded “to defend against the Soviet Union”. The North Atlantic Treaty specifies that its aim is to guarantee the collective security of its members against any attacks of “third parties”, any “third parties”. After the disappearance of USSR as a potential source of an attack, the other potential sources remained. In fact, ANY third party worldwide could become a danger. Therefore, the disappearance of one danger, even of the main one until then, is NOT a reason to dissolve the Alliance.
c). On the other hand, shortly after the dissolution of USSR and the fall of Communism, some of the former Communist countries and Soviet republics, in view of their history of relationship with Russia, considered the possibility of joining NATO for defense. According to Wiki, “countries wishing to join must meet certain stringent requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialog and military integration”. The process takes long years, a full decade for some.
d). Moreover, the events after the dissolution of USSR and the fall of Communism clearly demonstrate that the dissolution of NATO would have been an enormous mistake.
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expansion [of NATO] despite assurances made to Gorbachev: not an inch past Germany
There was indeed at least one assurance made to Gorbachev resembling to these words. But was about something different and very narrow: the deployment of non-German NATO forces on the territory of the former East Germany (GDR). Namely, in September 1990 it was agreed (in the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany) that the reunified Germany is allowed to join NATO, but it was also agreed that no non-German NATO military (and no nuclear weapons) are allowed one inch into the former East Germany (see here)
The narrative that there were “assurances our Western partners made after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact” about the non-expansion of NATO beyond the reunified Germany seems to originate in the February 2007 Putin’s speech at a Security Conference held in Munich (see here). Here is an excerpt:
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(Putin, 2007) And we have the right to ask: against whom is this [NATO] expansion intended? And what happened to the assurances our Western partners made after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact?
The question remains: were there any assurances above the one mention above, any authorized promises, in whatever binding form, about non-enlargement of NATO to former Communist countries and former Soviet republics?
Starting with 2007 and amplified by the 2008 Russia’s attack of Georgia and the 2014-2022 war against Ukraine, the question of the reality of a West’s pledge is intensely debated. The debate was fueled by newly discovered documents from Western archives which, according to an article published by the German publication _Der Spiegel, _November 2009 (see here), support the Russian position. Unfortunately, according to other studies based on the same documents, the opposite conclusion was inferred (see for example one by the Center for strategic and International Studies here and The Brookings Institution here.) Therefore, the subject is at least disputed.
What now? The NATO subject was discussed between USSR and the West in 1990 and 1991, at the end of the Gorbachev era, when USSR has not yet fallen. It was not resumed during at least the next 10 years. This means that Gorbachev supervised all the pertinent negotiations. What does he say?
In October 2014 (after Donbass and Crimea, when Putin invoked again the “broken promises”) Gorbachev gave a long interview to the Moscow based governmental publication Russia Beyond the Headlines (RBTH), a predecessor of RIA Novosti and of Russia Today. Here is the relevant exchange with the reporter:
RBTH: “One of the key issues that has arisen in connection with the events in Ukraine is NATO expansion into the East. Do you get the feeling that your Western partners lied to you when they were developing their future plans in Eastern Europe? Why didn’t you insist that the promises made to you – particularly U.S. Secretary of State James Baker’s promise that NATO would not expand into the East – be legally encoded? I will quote Baker: “NATO will not move one inch further east.””
M.Gorbachev: " The topic of “NATO expansion” was not discussed at all, and it wasn’t brought up in those years. I say this with full responsibility. Not a singe Eastern European country raised the issue, not even after the Warsaw Pact ceased to exist in 1991. Western leaders didn’t bring it up, either. Another issue we brought up was discussed: making sure that NATO’s military structures would not advance and that additional armed forces from the alliance would not be deployed on the territory of the then-GDR after German reunification. Baker’s statement, mentioned in your question, was made in that context. Kohl and [German Vice Chancellor Hans-Dietrich] Genscher talked about it."
After this, le bare minimum which is certain about the allegedly promised non-enlargement of NATO is that it is strongly disputed.
But whYNOT presented it as a fact , an essential one, against the Journo’s analysis… Elsewhere whYNOT comments:
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Amazed how little you know [about “broken promises”]. Why “anecdotal”? This was common knowledge
Maybe you know a lot more than I do, but is also true whatever you claim to know ? Doesn’t seem to be… As most of your other claims on the subject of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. And what you claim is, visibly, “common knowledge” only among those who form their opinion by contrasting such diversified sources as Russia Today, TASS and D. Simes’ The National Interest…
Besides: until about 2007 the Russian leadership accepted calmly the enlargement : after Germany (1990), followed Poland+Hungary+Czechia (1999), in 2004 - Baltic states, Bulgaria, Romania etc. Even Russia was pondering the possibility to join NATO. There even was a “Russia–NATO Council” (2002, see Wiki) for handling security issues and joint projects. However, Russia aspired to be recognized again as a Great Power and bypass all the “stringent requirements and the passage through a multi-step process”; it aspired to acquire from the very beginning a leading position alongside US, France and UK. This did not work and Putin was, apparently extremely offended and frustrated…
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To steadily continue the expansion (despite assurances made to Gorbachev: not an inch past Germany) in these circumstances, NATO has been provocative, indeed. Why would it accept/invite many new members, mostly ex-Warsaw Pact, closing in on Russian borders? One doesn’t need to be paranoid to find nothing benign in that. Nor certainly would any free-er, more respectable nation allow such an unexplained, irrational encroachment by any ‘organisation’ (one which refused its admission too). Conclusion: The isolation, weakening, and regime change by revolution for Russia was intended and planned by think tanks, quite far back.
This conclusion is about NATO leadership intentions , which is something going in people’s heads. Something like that is almost impossible to prove. Moreover, I gave above an alternative explanation which does not postulate sinister intentions. Therefore this conclusion is arbitrary.
To conclude : I considered the first four of whYNOT’s objections to Journo’s analysis. They are NOT based on fact, to say the least. Simply and succinctly stated, they are crap. As usual, unfortunately