A further reply to Crow Epistemologist and my other detractors:
Thinking in Terms of Principles
By Thomas M. Miovas, Jr.
03/24/2012
I’ve come across some students of Objectivism that are confusing thinking in terms of principles with rationalism, and I think this is an incorrect way of understanding what each term means. Rationalism is thinking in terms of definitions – of not taking into consideration the facts about an object that is not included in the definition. For example, let’s say the definition of a dog is a four legged animal that wags its tail and barks. In an argument about dogs, a rationalist will not include in his thinking the fact that a dog has a digestive system, and therefore if you own a dog you don’t have to worry about feeding it. Sounds ridiculous, and yet that is the way the rationalist thinks about dogs. The definition does not include the eating habits and necessity of good nutrition for a dog, so he doesn’t take that into account. Obviously, this ignoring of crucial facts will lead to a dog that is malnourished and even dead, if followed through consistently for the rationalist dog owner. However, these facts will not convince a die-hard rationalist that he ought to feed his dog.
Thinking in terms of principles is different, for it means organizing the facts mentally into a hierarchy and according to cause an effect. Thinking in terms of principles means that one does take into account that a dog does need nutrition if one wants a happy and healthy pet. The principles is that a dog is a living being and has certain needs that are not specified in the definition, and yet, these facts about the dog need to be taken into account, if one wants to enjoy having a dog as a pet. Rather than ignoring facts, as the rationalist does, the principled man has his facts organized in such a way as to clearly identify what something in reality actually is, and yet the organization doesn’t require going over all the facts each time one thinks about dogs. In other words, it is a fact that a dog has a tail, but when the dog is suffering from an infestation of fleas, the principled dog owner knows that the fact of the fleas attacking his dog doesn’t have anything to do with the fact that the dog wags its tail. The wagging of the tail is irrelevant to the fact that the dog has fleas. So rather than, say, cutting off the dogs tail to prevent fleas, the rational dog owner will get the right powders or dog collars that has poison on it to kill the fleas.
Similarly, a good automobile mechanic will diagnose problems with one’s car without having to go over every single detail about one’s car. For example, my car lost power tremendously one day. Even without being a mechanic, I knew that the loss of power had nothing to do with my tires, the windshield wipers, the horn, or the seat cushions, even though each of these is a fact about the car. So, thinking in terms of principles, I was able to come to the conclusion that something had gone wrong with my engine, and when I took my car into the mechanic, I didn’t have to bury him with details about my horn, my seat cushions, and my tires – I focused on the engine and told him what the problem was. Turns out it was the O2 sensor that reads the O2 levels in the exhaust and gives feedback to the engine computer as to how to burn the gasoline (rich or lean). By replacing the O2 sensor, I was able to have a well running car once again. So, while, I, myself, could not diagnose the problem in this particular case, I was able to think in terms of principles well enough to give the right information to the mechanic to help him diagnose the problem. A die-hard rationalist would have concluded that since the car is no longer drivable, that it is no longer a car and that matter just doesn’t conform to a rational principle, so there is no use in expecting predictability from things made of matter. He would not have been focused on the facts at all, just the ideal of the perfect car, and would have condemned the automobile manufacturer for making a non-ideal car.
Thinking in terms of principles is an important skill and a practice that can be learned by studying the philosophy of Ayn Rand known as Objectivism. Only it doesn’t directly concern itself with the owning of a pet nor the owning of a car in those details, but rather organizing the facts available regarding cultural, historical, and political events in terms of essentials – those facts that are more fundamental and causative that lead to certain cultural, historical, or political current events; even though the progression of those events may well have taken many years, decades, or even centuries to transpire. It helps to give one a great overview of what is moving the world and why we live in the times we do these days.