Does aesthetics really belong in philosophy?

2 hours ago, Jonathan Weissberg said:

Would you be open to expanding more on what it means to “explore or sink to the depths of my own darker moods?”

Do you mean as a tool for introspecting? or as a kind of soothing balm to help you stay with your feeling rather than escape it? 

Simply, dark moods happen. As with anyone experiencing periods of deep introspect, it’s personal. But, as it relates to the arts, certain music is appropriate in such moments. Some authors are more appropriate. When I read Edgar Allen Poe’s The Raven, it is helpful to find a virtual friend in shared experience. Nietzsche, as I understand him, was a guide to those who recognize the more frustrating aspects of modern life. His “man going under” is the man who is only able to rise above man, to becoming the “superman.” Well, if one is going to be exhausted or depressed as times, one may as well rise above it stronger for the experience. I think there is a great body of works in our times that channel the introspective individual downward, but not necessarily guide him back to focus on any constructive purpose. I’m too old to appreciate Goth culture, but I understand the appeal. I only hope for the sake of such individuals who stare into the abyss that they find the strength to rise again. That’s why I read Ayn Rand.

2 Likes

On 1/17/2021 at 3:56 AM, Jonathan Weissberg said:

 

Stronger in what sense? more certain of what?

What do you mean when you say this? Do you mean conceptualize better the different kinds of literature and identifying their elements elsewhere? Or do you mean to say literally reading a good author helps one in better forming all kinds of concepts?

 

Most certainly, the second. “…forming all kinds of concepts”. The reason we find art, all art, valuable is that it yields to one’s mind the meeting between reality and man’s consciousness–as typified by a specific artist. We catch an insight into his re-created world, a particular view of existence which is supremely significant to he/she. Whether one is in metaphysical accord or not with their depiction, one gains and takes away from their creation for one’s own purposes (by conceptualization). Here is a corrupt or bleak or impotent or petty view of life and man’s mind - there is the antithesis: I.E. existence is knowable and valuable, and man is able to know it and appreciate it. But the bad/ugly/trivial/etc. do exist in others’ minds and actions and it’s a denial to not conceptualize those as well. Strength of mind depends on the confidence to stay true to rational convictions, not be subjugated to any random input from any other, artists’ works in particular.

A “good author”- especially the good Romantic Realist, while not exclusively - doesn’t try to make it easy for the reader, imo. His plot and characterization needs to be authentically realist if we are to believe his narrative. He puts across the competing, dark forces against e.g. reason and individualism, freedom and success and so on, which readers can relate to from their experience, creating that necessary “tension” which his protagonist, whose acts we identify with, eventually overcomes through conviction, independence and rationality. (Or succumbs to by futility and weakness, in other depictions). For myself I look for that “tension” in art. I think like in all things real, one needs a challenge from artworks to have to conceptually grapple with, or the art may become prosaic or sentimentalist or ornamental. That personal effort put in by reader/viewer is what gives a work its ‘sticking power’ in a mind. The darkness, of imagery and writing (and music) can ‘fit’ my moods on occasion, all the while resting in the knowledge that shadows don’t exist without light. Penetrating questions, Jonathan.

1 Like

Look around your home.  Is there anything there that gives you energy?  Validates your consciousness?  Reminds you of the unique manifestations of your identity?  Any song, book, film, tactile object that resonates with the possibility of a goal worth aiming toward?  Is there something you could put on your wall that will add a spring to your step, or release the tense confusion of a recent argument because it resonates with a problem solving mindset? 

As one works toward building a solid foundation in reality, aesthetics is where humanity has a chance to evolve creatively through the contribution of each individual.  It takes a great deal of personal resilience to create something that is true, to the epic depths of your mind, regardless of whether another person might recognize some universal appeal.  

3 Likes

On 1/18/2021 at 2:54 PM, whYNOT said:

Most certainly, the second. “…forming all kinds of concepts”. The reason we find art, all art, valuable is that it yields to one’s mind the meeting between reality and man’s consciousness–as typified by a specific artist. We catch an insight into his re-created world, a particular view of existence which is supremely significant to he/she. Whether one is in metaphysical accord or not with their depiction, one gains and takes away from their creation for one’s own purposes (by conceptualization). Here is a corrupt or bleak or impotent or petty view of life and man’s mind - there is the antithesis: I.E. existence is knowable and valuable, and man is able to know it and appreciate it. But the bad/ugly/trivial/etc. do exist in others’ minds and actions and it’s a denial to not conceptualize those as well. Strength of mind depends on the confidence to stay true to rational convictions, not be subjugated to any random input from any other, artists’ works in particular.

A “good author”- especially the good Romantic Realist, while not exclusively - doesn’t try to make it easy for the reader, imo. His plot and characterization needs to be authentically realist if we are to believe his narrative. He puts across the competing, dark forces against e.g. reason and individualism, freedom and success and so on, which readers can relate to from their experience, creating that necessary “tension” which his protagonist, whose acts we identify with, eventually overcomes through conviction, independence and rationality. (Or succumbs to by futility and weakness, in other depictions). For myself I look for that “tension” in art. I think like in all things real, one needs a challenge from artworks to have to conceptually grapple with, or the art may become prosaic or sentimentalist or ornamental. That personal effort put in by reader/viewer is what gives a work its ‘sticking power’ in a mind. The darkness, of imagery and writing (and music) can ‘fit’ my moods on occasion, all the while resting in the knowledge that shadows don’t exist without light. Penetrating questions, Jonathan.

I enjoyed reading this a lot & look forward to having some of these experiences while viewing art.

So the gain, in this concept-formation sense, is only a gain to the extent that you manage to form a concept on the basis of the fictional work? Is this something you do from having reflected on fictional events and integrated them as you might do from events in daily life? Or would you describe this process of forming concepts from fiction as more like a redirection of focus in reality that you then use to collect future material or observations which you previously didn’t notice but now do and use it to form a concept you otherwise wouldn’t have?

Semi-related:
Does a work that resonates (or that one is in metaphysical accord with) always strike one as realistic? and a work that one is not in ‘metaphysical accord’ with strike one as unrealistic? Rand’s books are a great example. Some say they’re completely unrealistic fictions both in terms of characters and events, others do not and are inspired. So the former (those that think Rand’s characters are unrealistic) would definitely not form any concepts on the basis of the fictional events, the latter might? And so with other works, a similar pattern follows, regardless of whether the fictional events are or are not metaphysically possible?

When we’re reading or viewing art how would you know that what is being represented is useful material for forming a concept? An example is on the nature of evil: is evil maniacal, potent all the while being sharply conscious, focused and brilliantly intelligent (like a Bond villain) or is it a sweaty forehead, droopy eyes and a smear whose default mental state is blur (Jim Taggart)? Since fiction is not reality, how would you know when to take fictional material and use it for the material of a concept and when not to?

The difficult thing about fictional representations in literature is that they seem to be concretizations of already-created abstractions. These representations might assist you in forming concepts in the sense that the artist is showing you their own concretizations of abstractions. If Rand concretizes independence in Howard Roark, it is the concretization of her own concept of independence - which may or may not be valid. You may then wonder if the concept makes sense, or it may provoke your thinking, or what about the concept is essential, but the work is still something completely invented by Rand including all of his characteristics.

Because the material is fictional, I think the material should not be thought of as the material that can be used to form the concept. That is, when you talk about independence, you aren’t referring to Howard Roark. He might be inspirational to considerations about what counts as independence, or get you to ask where in reality you can see such independence. At best, you have an approximation of the concept independence if Roark is the only concrete of independence you have ever observed. Whether or not you know to use or build on the concretization you see in fiction probably depends on your reaction to the work and whether it provokes your creativity and imagination. If it doesn’t, then there is probably no point to use that fictional material. 

Remember, the benefits of art for concept formation or validation are wonderful, but this is a side benefit. Art is first about sense of life, that’s what’s essential here. If it resonates with you, that’s usually reason enough to think more about it. Sometimes to me that’s just a matter of thinking “oh that’s cool” and I go from there. 

 

On 2/9/2021 at 10:06 PM, Eiuol said:

The difficult thing about fictional representations in literature is that they seem to be concretizations of already-created abstractions. These representations might assist you in forming concepts in the sense that the artist is showing you their own concretizations of abstractions. If Rand concretizes independence in Howard Roark, it is the concretization of her own concept of independence - which may or may not be valid. You may then wonder if the concept makes sense, or it may provoke your thinking, or what about the concept is essential, but the work is still something completely invented by Rand including all of his characteristics.

Because the material is fictional, I think the material should not be thought of as the material that can be used to form the concept. That is, when you talk about independence, you aren’t referring to Howard Roark. He might be inspirational to considerations about what counts as independence, or get you to ask where in reality you can see such independence. At best, you have an approximation of the concept independence if Roark is the only concrete of independence you have ever observed. Whether or not you know to use or build on the concretization you see in fiction probably depends on your reaction to the work and whether it provokes your creativity and imagination. If it doesn’t, then there is probably no point to use that fictional material. 

Remember, the benefits of art for concept formation or validation are wonderful, but this is a side benefit. Art is first about sense of life, that’s what’s essential here. If it resonates with you, that’s usually reason enough to think more about it. Sometimes to me that’s just a matter of thinking “oh that’s cool” and I go from there. 

OK, I’m following now: so the assistance is in provoking you think about an abstraction from a potentially new perspective. E.g., you see independence essentialized and concretized in Roark and you start reconsidering what is and isn’t essential about it. Non-essentials: wearing a suit (doesn’t mean dependent), dressing unconventionally (doesn’t mean independent). Now with this in mind you go out into the world and start attempting to observe instances of independence and reorganizing the concept in your mind by reweighting the considerations that characterize it (essentials vs. non-essentials).

And when we say what is essential about art is sense of life, we are saying an equivalent of the purpose of art is to fuel man’s consciousness in accordance with the philosophy he is responding to, right?

 

 

 

Yes, a potentially new perspective in terms of how Rand conceptualizes independence and her concretization of that conceptualization. Then when you go out into the world, you can compare Roark to other people and see if he stands for anything essential, or if something about him corresponds to reality. It isn’t necessarily definite in the writer’s mind exactly what concept they are presenting as a concrete, or what essential they are capturing, but as a reader, you can explore what they are presenting.

As a definition, Rand says that art is “a selective recreation of reality according to an artists metaphysical value judgments”, and I believe that metaphysical value judgments should be considered aspects of sense of life. That’s what I mean essential about art. But if we talk about the cognitive role of art, I’d simply say that’s about the connection between epistemology and aesthetic philosophy.