I would like to ask for your opinion on how to teach a child to respect other people’s rights and to show courtesy to them.
First off, let me say that I don’t have children myself, and at least at this stage of my life I’m not certain that I ever intend to. Therefore, please approach the following comments with an appropriate degree of skepticism and caution:
My views on raising children are extremely simple, and can be summed up in a single sentence: Treat your children with respect.
If a child grows up in a home which is rational, conducive to inquiry, and which overall radiates a sense of happiness, benevolence and goodwill — if a child is raised in an environment where he feels that he is respected, where the modus operandi of day-to-day life is to treat oneself and others with dignity and honor — it’s virtually certain that this individual is going to grow up with a healthy, nearly-innate sense of right and wrong — and will likely commit very few wrongs, since “right” feels much too natural and normal to him.
Or to put it another way: People who enjoy a high degree of self-confidence and self-respect — i.e., people who take pleasure in the efficacy of their mind, who are in love with life and the pursuit of rational values — typically don’t go around clubbing others and taking things from them by force. This is just as true of someone who is five years old, as someone who is fifty-five.
It’s usually fruitless, and even counterproductive, to punish a child for being unfair, or hurtful, or exploitative, or insensitive — if the lessons he’s learning on a daily basis contradict what he’s hearing in that moment in the form of a scolding or reproach. The best one could hope to accomplish with this method is to instill a kind of fear-based, authoritarian sense of morality — not to mention a feeling that the world is uncertain, unknowable, and contradictory, and that ethical principles are commandments or rules to be accepted and obeyed, but not deeply understood.
In my work on romantic love, I’m continually struck by the degree to which people tend to accept as normal what they observed and experienced in their family life growing up. For example, I have talked with a great number of people who accept, virtually as an axiom, that fighting, bickering, arguing, and sometimes even hitting or other forms of physical abuse, are valid and normal aspects of a love relationship. And more: In their mind, to accept these atrocities as normal, is itself seen as “normal.” (Not surprisingly, this kind of person always manages to find himself in exactly the kind of relationship which matches his concept of the way things, in this respect, “just are.”)
Mind you, this kind of person doesn’t necessarily enjoy being hurt, and he usually doesn’t consciously seek out painful or abusive relationships. On the contrary, this kind of person will often be the first to tell you how awful, undesirable, and even unbearable such a situation is. What’s missing, though, is any serious sense of indignance — the kind of incredulity and repulsion that one would expect to hear from someone who truly understands the inappropriateness of this kind of situation, and would never accept this kind of torture in his life — the firm sense that things don’t have to be this way; that hatred and hostility (among professed loved ones) is not normal, _un_natural, and entirely un-inevitable. And invariably — and I mean without fail — when you ask this kind of person to describe the home environment that he or she grew up in, you get a story which is virtually identical to the hell they’re currently going through. All of the lessons — about how to treat others, about what one should expect of (and for) oneself, about the nature, meaning and value of life — all were learned and internalized at a very early age, then reinforced again and again and again, in a thousand wordless ways, throughout their childhood and adolescence.
I’m emphatically not saying that people are the pawns of their parents, or the helpless victims of their upbringing; I’m saying that parents can make it immeasurably easier or harder for children to grow up to be healthy, functioning adults by simply providing them with a rational, intelligible environment in which to live their lives. Parents often forget the degree to which, especially for very young children, the home is the world: They tend to underestimate the power of what’s learned, not via lectures and lessons, but continuously, every day, by observation and osmosis.
The most basic thing I could say to a parent who wanted to create this kind of home environment, and instill in a child a strong sense of personal values, is: Teach by example. If you want to give another person anything in the spiritual realm (as well as in the material), it’s immeasurably advantageous for you first to possess it yourself. Again, be acutely aware that for the developing child, everything is taken in; everything is taken seriously, and often taken extremely literally. Always ensure that, in the person of you (and your spouse, if you have one), the child has good things to see, to observe and to emulate. Be particularly concerned to show the child what it means to have a real enthusiasm for facts and for learning; for understanding, for question-asking and answer-seeking. Do not ever, under any circumstances, say to a child: “It’s true because I say so,” or tell him that he asks too many questions, or make him feel in any way that his mind is not capable of understanding certain aspects of life and the universe — and never will be.
It’s very hard to manufacture or fake these traits of character, and kids are about the best insincerity-detectors on the face of the planet. There’s no getting around the fact that if an individual hasn’t yet developed these qualities and virtues in himself, then he is NOT yet ready to have children.
Regarding the question of Santa Claus: As a general principle, I don’t think it’s ever a good idea, nor is it ever necessary, to lie to children. I don’t see anything wrong with treating Santa Claus (to the extent that one deals with him at all) in exactly the same way that one would treat any other fictional character: as a symbol and an idea, but not an actual living person. I don’t see what’s so terrible about a child knowing from the very beginning that the presents he enjoys come from his parents — something he’s bound to find out eventually anyway, often with a great deal of resentment and hurt when he discovers that his limited understanding has been taken advantage of by the very people who are supposed to be guiding him in life.
I wouldn’t worry too much about a child losing his friends, or being ostracized by other parents, just because he happens to know the truth about Santa’s state of existence. (Now, if you want to talk about a backlash because you’re raising your kids without a belief in God, then you might begin to have a point.) In terms of the child’s own dealings with Santa-believing playmates, I think an important part of instilling in a person a strong sense of respect for others is to convey the understanding that others often hold different views, ideas and beliefs — and that one has to respect these too, at least insofar as one respects the individuals who hold them. A person may be very much mistaken about an issue, but that doesn’t give another the right to become a bully toward him. It means communicating to a child the awareness that other people have the right to be different from him, and even the right to be wrong — and that a rational person’s primary focus is always on his own thoughts, goals and life, not what others think and believe.