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A standard is put to use by comparing to it. A standard of value has to be itself commensurate with what is being compared. Therefore a standard of value has to be a value. Circularity as a logical fallacy is about logical justification that references itself. To simply pick one value out of the set of all values as the standard by which one can compare them and order them is not circular because that does not define or justify value by referencing itself. A value is "that which one acts to gain or keep".

It shows up on both the Portal and the Forum pages. to both you gentlemen.

I think it might be because mangos come in both colors.

So, the alternative to being poor is to have childish freedom! While the recurrent argument against socialism might be its poverty, that was not Rand's primary argument. Greed is not wealth, and hunger is not food. The idea that people in more capitalistic-leaning countries are relatively unhealthy is not just false, it is ludicrous. The idea that people in such countries are relatively happy is false. Greed is motivation...it is basically synonymous. The idea of increasing people's motivation by reducing their greed is a logical contradiction. Obviously all incentives do not have to be monetary... strawman. Obviously, money is a means to an end... the only reason people want money is to get what money can buy. The incentive is thus not money, but food, and clothes, and housing, and all sorts of other values. You can try doing away with money as an incentive, but only by doing so with such values as an incentive. The idea of doing away with values as a way to gain values is ludicrous. Rand does not mistake reason for disliking. She's the author in that scene, making up her reality. the idea that people always have good reasons for disliking others is false. As an author, Rand is free to describe such a scene. Not sure what gobble-de-gook you're saying about Rand being afraid of losing competence. Selfishness is not blind, unselfishness is blind. Obviously wealth does not have to lead to wealth in an individual case. Don;t use that strawman in addition your false statement that welath leads to unhealthiness On the other hand, it is obvious to even the most casual observer that with growing material values (aka wealth), comes better sanitation, more private space, more medicines, more medical equipment, more knowledge... and -- thence,longer lives People who retire and go on world tours today are a recent phenomenon Do you have any true premises to offer?